Parallel Verses New International VersionWhen King David was very old, he could not keep warm even when they put covers over him.
New Living TranslationKing David was now very old, and no matter how many blankets covered him, he could not keep warm.
English Standard VersionNow King David was old and advanced in years. And although they covered him with clothes, he could not get warm.
New American Standard Bible Now King David was old, advanced in age; and they covered him with clothes, but he could not keep warm.
King James BibleNow king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat.
Holman Christian Standard BibleNow King David was old and getting on in years. Although they covered him with bedclothes, he could not get warm.
International Standard VersionWhen David had grown very old, they covered him with blankets, but he could not keep warm,
NET BibleKing David was very old; even when they covered him with blankets, he could not get warm.
GOD'S WORD® TranslationKing David had grown old, and although he was covered with blankets, he couldn't get warm.
Jubilee Bible 2000Now king David was old and stricken in years, and they covered him with clothes, but he did not become warm.
King James 2000 BibleNow king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he got no heat.
American King James VersionNow king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he got no heat.
American Standard VersionNow king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat.
Douay-Rheims BibleNow king David was old, and advanced in years: and when he was covered with clothes, he was not warm.
Darby Bible TranslationAnd king David was old [and] advanced in age; and they covered him with clothes, but he obtained no warmth.
English Revised VersionNow king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he gat no heat.
Webster's Bible TranslationNow king David was old and advanced in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he got no heat.
World English BibleNow king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he couldn't keep warm.
Young's Literal TranslationAnd king David is old, entering into days, and they cover him with garments, and he hath no heat, Parallel Commentaries Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
1:1-4 We have David sinking under infirmities. He was chastised for his recent sins, and felt the effects of his former toils and hardships.
Pulpit Commentary
Verse 1. - Now [Hebrews and, but "now" more nearly expresses the import of the original, for וhas here little or no connecting force. It is commonly found at the beginning of a book (as in Exodus, Leviticus, Joshua, Judges, 2 Samuel, Ruth, etc.), and that where there is no connection whatever with any earlier writing (as in Esther, Ezekiel, Jonah, etc.) It can hardly imply, therefore, "that the historian regards his work as a continuation of a preceding history" (Rawlinson), nor is there any need to suppose that it has been taken from a writing containing the earlier history of David." Keil] King [Hebrews the king. The frequent use of this title, "King David," "King Solomon," "King Asa," etc., is characteristic of our author. The expression is not unknown in 2 Samuel, but it occurs so rarely as to constitute a distinction (not a link, as Wordsworth) between that book and the Kings.] David was old [yet 2 Samuel 5:4, 5, shows that he cannot have been more than seventy. (He was thirty at his accession; his reign at Hebron lasted seven years and a half; at Jerusalem thirty-three years.) Rawlinson says, "the Jews at this time were not long lived." Certainly, the Jewish kings were not. Only David, Solomon, and Manasses exceeded threescore] and stricken [Hebrews gone, i.e., advanced] in years. [A common expression, only found with זָקֵןas in Genesis 18:11; Genesis 24:1; Joshua 13:1, etc.] And they covered him with clothes [lit. coverings. בֶּגֶד is used of anycovering, whether of the person ( Genesis 39:12; 1 Kings 22:10), or the bed ( 1 Samuel 19:13), or even a table ( Numbers 4:6). Indeed, the outer garment was used, at least by the poor, for a covering at night ( Exodus 22:27). The context (ver. 47) shows that bedclothes are intended here] but he gat no heat. [A common experience of the aged. David's early hardships and later sorrows and anxieties appear to have aged him prematurely. Possibly he was also afflicted with disease.]
Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
Now King David was old, and stricken in years,.... Was seventy years of age; for he was thirty years of age when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years, 2 Samuel 5:4; this was just the age of man, Psalm 90:10;
and they covered him with clothes; not wearing apparel, but bed clothes; he seems to have been bedridden and paralytic:
but he got no heat; by them; having no natural heat in him, clothes could not communicate any to him, only keep the cold from him, see Haggai 1:6; there are many persons at the age he was, that are lively, healthful, and robust, comparatively speaking at least; but David's strength was impaired, and his natural force abated by his many wars, fatigues by night and day in campaigns, and the many sorrows and afflictions he met with from his family and his friends, as well as enemies; which exhausted his natural moisture, weakened his nerves, and drank up his spirits, and brought upon him the infirmities of a decrepit old age very soon.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
THE FIRST BOOK OF THE KINGS, COMMONLY CALLED THE THIRD BOOK OF THE KINGS. Commentary by Robert Jamieson
CHAPTER 1
1Ki 1:1-4. Abishag Cherishes David in His Extreme Age.
1, 2. Now king David was old—He was in the seventieth year of his age (2Sa 5:4, 5). But the wear and tear of a military life, bodily fatigue, and mental care, had prematurely, if we may say it, exhausted the energies of David's strong constitution (1Sa 16:12). In modern Palestine and Egypt the people, owing to the heat of the climate, sleep each in a "separate" bed. They only depart from this practice for medical reasons (Ec 4:11). The expedient recommended by David's physicians is the regimen still prescribed in similar cases in the East, particularly among the Arab population, not simply to give heat, but "to cherish," as they are aware that the inhalation of young breath will give new life and vigor to the worn-out frame. The fact of the health of the young and healthier person being, as it were, stolen to support that of the more aged and sickly is well established among the medical faculty. And hence the prescription for the aged king was made in a hygienic point of view for the prolongation of his valuable life, and not merely for the comfort to be derived from the natural warmth imparted to his withered frame [Porter, Tent and Khan]. The polygamy of the age and country may account for the introduction of this practice; and it is evident that Abishag was made a concubine or secondary wife to David (see on [282]1Ki 2:22).
1 Kings 1:1 Additional CommentariesContext Abishag Cares for David1Now King David was old, advanced in age; and they covered him with clothes, but he could not keep warm. 2So his servants said to him, "Let them seek a young virgin for my lord the king, and let her attend the king and become his nurse; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm."… Cross References 2 Samuel 24:25David built an altar to the LORD there and sacrificed burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. Then the LORD answered his prayer in behalf of the land, and the plague on Israel was stopped.
1 Kings 1:2So his attendants said to him, "Let us look for a young virgin to serve the king and take care of him. She can lie beside him so that our lord the king may keep warm."
1 Kings 1:15So Bathsheba went to see the aged king in his room, where Abishag the Shunammite was attending him.
1 Chronicles 23:1When David was old and full of years, he made his son Solomon king over Israel.
Ecclesiastes 4:11Also, if two lie down together, they will keep warm. But how can one keep warm alone? Treasury of Scripture Now king David was old and stricken in years; and they covered him with clothes, but he got no heat. old David was probably now about {sixty-nine} years of age. He was {thirty} years old when he began to reign, reigned {forty}, and {died} in his {seventieth} year; and the transactions mentioned here are supposed to have taken place about a year before his death. Sixty-nine was not an advanced age; but he had been exhausted with various fatigues, and especially family afflictions, so that he was much older in constitution than in years. 2 Samuel 5:4 David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. 1 Chronicles 23:1 So when David was old and full of days, he made Solomon his son king … 1 Chronicles 29:27,28 And the time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; seven years … Psalm 90:10 The days of our years are three score years and ten; and if by reason … and stricken in years [heb] and entered into days. Genesis 18:11 Now Abraham and Sarah were old and well stricken in age; and it ceased … Genesis 24:1 And Abraham was old, and well stricken in age: and the LORD had blessed … Joshua 23:1,2 And it came to pass a long time after that the LORD had given rest … Luke 1:7 And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and they … Jump to Previous Advanced Age Although BodyClothes Cold Cover CoveredCovers David Entering FarGarments Gat Heat ObtainedStricken Warm WarmthJump to Next Advanced Age Although BodyClothes Cold Cover CoveredCovers David Entering FarGarments Gat Heat ObtainedStricken Warm WarmthLinks 1 Kings 1:1 NIV1 Kings 1:1 NLT1 Kings 1:1 ESV1 Kings 1:1 NASB1 Kings 1:1 KJV
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Alphabetical: advanced age and but clothes could covered covers David even he him in keep King not Now old over put they warm was well When with years
OT History: 1 Kings 1:1 Now king David was old and stricken (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) Christian Bible Study Resources, Dictionary, Concordance and Search Tools
Bible HubParallel Verses New International VersionSo his attendants said to him, "Let us look for a young virgin to serve the king and take care of him. She can lie beside him so that our lord the king may keep warm."
New Living TranslationSo his advisers told him, "Let us find a young virgin to wait on you and look after you, my lord. She will lie in your arms and keep you warm."
English Standard VersionTherefore his servants said to him, “Let a young woman be sought for my lord the king, and let her wait on the king and be in his service. Let her lie in your arms, that my lord the king may be warm.”
New American Standard Bible So his servants said to him, "Let them seek a young virgin for my lord the king, and let her attend the king and become his nurse; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm."
King James BibleWherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat.
Holman Christian Standard BibleSo his servants said to him: "Let us search for a young virgin for my lord the king. She is to attend the king and be his caregiver. She is to lie by your side so that my lord the king will get warm."
International Standard Versionso his servants suggested to him, "Let's look for a young virgin woman to take care of you, your majesty. She will be of use to you if you have her lie down near you so that your majesty may keep warm."
NET BibleHis servants advised him, "A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, to take care of the king's needs and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you and keep our master, the king, warm."
GOD'S WORD® TranslationHis officials told him, "Your Majesty, let us search for a young woman who has never been married. She can stay with you and be your servant. She can lie in your arms and keep you warm."
Jubilee Bible 2000Therefore, his slaves said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin, and let her stand before the king and let her warm him and let her lie in thy bosom, and she shall warm my lord the king.
King James 2000 BibleTherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may get heat.
American King James VersionWhy his servants said to him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may get heat.
American Standard VersionWherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and cherish him; and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat.
Douay-Rheims BibleHis servants therefore said to him: Let us seek for our lord the king, a young virgin, and let her stand before the king, and cherish him, and sleep in his bosom, and warm our lord the king.
Darby Bible TranslationAnd his servants said to him, Let there be found for my lord the king a young virgin; and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get warm.
English Revised VersionWherefore his servants said unto him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and cherish him; and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat.
Webster's Bible TranslationWherefore his servants said to him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in thy bosom, that my lord the king may get heat.
World English BibleTherefore his servants said to him, "Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and cherish him; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm."
Young's Literal Translationand his servants say to him, 'Let them seek for my lord the king a young woman, a virgin, and she hath stood before the king, and is to him a companion, and hath lain in thy bosom, and my lord the king hath heat.' Parallel Commentaries Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary
1:1-4 We have David sinking under infirmities. He was chastised for his recent sins, and felt the effects of his former toils and hardships.
Pulpit Commentary
Verse 2. - Wherefore [Heb. and] his servants[according to Josephus (Antiq. 7:14, 3), his physicians] said unto him, Let there be sought[lit. as marg., " let them seek"] for my lord the king [the singular pronoun is used as representing the servant who was spokesman for the rest] a young virgin [marg., " a damsel, a virgin." She must be young, to impart heat, and a virgin, as befitted a king. Though she was recommended as a nurse, they would naturally suppose she might be taken as a concubine] and let her stand before the king[ i.e., as servant (Ver. 4). Cf. 1 Kings 12:6, 8; Genesis 41:46; Daniel 1:5; Deuteronomy 1:38(with Joshua 1:1) 1 Kings 10:8. In the East, servants still stand and wait their masters' pleasure. Cf. 2 Kings 5:25], and let her cherish him [So also the LXX., καὶ ἔσται αὐτὸνθάλπουσα. But Gesenius, al, "be a companion to him"] and let her lie in thy [or "his," LXX. αυτοῦ, Vulg. sue] bosom [the expression is generally, but not invariably (see 1 Kings 3:20; Ruth 4:16) used de complexu venereo] that my lord the king may get heat. [This close embrace of youth was an obvious way of imparting animal heat to age ("Color a corpore juvenili ac sane maxime prodest senibus." Grotius), and was the more favoured because other and internal remedies were not then known. It is recognized by Galen, and is said to have been prescribed by a Jewish physician to the Emperor Frederick Bar-baressa (Bahr). It is stated by Roberts that it is still largely followed in the East.]
Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible
Wherefore his servants said unto him,.... His physicians; so Joseph's physicians are called his servants, Genesis 50:2;
let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin; not only a young woman, but a virgin, that has more natural heat than women that have bore children have, which is abated thereby:
and let her stand before the king: minister to him, serve him with whatsoever he should want to eat or drink; and so by being in his presence, and taking things at her hand, she might be the more ingratiated into his affections:
and let her cherish him; as the husband the wife, so she her husband, as doubtless David was; and that by giving him cordials to cheer his spirits, and everything that was convenient for him, and particularly by lying with him. Kimchi interprets the word of her being profitable to him, in which sense the word is used, Job 22:2; that is, by warming him; Ben Gersom understands it of her being made mistress of his treasures, according to the sense of the word in Isaiah 22:15; that she might have the command of his purse, and provide anything proper for him, without being taken notice of or obstructed; but the Targum is better,
"and let her be near him,''
lie close unto him, and even in his bosom, as in the next clause:
and let her lie in his bosom; which shows that it was proposed that he should marry her, at least that she should become his concubine wife, since this phrase is descriptive of a wife, Micah 7:5; nor can it be thought his physicians would advise, or he agree to have a young woman admitted to his bed, without marriage; and if this had not been the case, it would not have answered the design of Adonijah in requesting her in marriage after his father's death, which was to make way to ascend the throne when opportunity should offer; nor would his request have been so much resented by Solomon as it was, 1 Kings 2:17;
that my lord the king may get heat: and somewhat similar to this, Galen, that great physician, prescribed in like cases (d).
(d) Vid. Poli Synopsin in loc.
1 Kings 1:2 Additional CommentariesContext Abishag Cares for David1Now King David was old, advanced in age; and they covered him with clothes, but he could not keep warm. 2So his servants said to him, "Let them seek a young virgin for my lord the king, and let her attend the king and become his nurse; and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may keep warm." 3So they searched for a beautiful girl throughout all the territory of Israel, and found Abishag the Shunammite, and brought her to the king.… Cross References 1 Kings 1:1When King David was very old, he could not keep warm even when they put covers over him.
1 Kings 1:3Then they searched throughout Israel for a beautiful young woman and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king.
Esther 2:2Then the king's personal attendants proposed, "Let a search be made for beautiful young virgins for the king. Treasury of Scripture Why his servants said to him, Let there be sought for my lord the king a young virgin: and let her stand before the king, and let her cherish him, and let her lie in your bosom, that my lord the king may get heat. Let there be sought [heb] Let them seek a young virgin [heb] a damsel, a virgin stand Deuteronomy 10:8 At that time the LORD separated the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark … 1 Samuel 16:21,22 And David came to Saul, and stood before him: and he loved him greatly; … 2 Chronicles 29:11 My sons, be not now negligent: for the LORD has chosen you to stand … cherish him [heb] be a cherisher unto him lie Genesis 16:5 And Sarai said to Abram, My wrong be on you: I have given my maid … Deuteronomy 13:6 If your brother, the son of your mother, or your son, or your daughter, … 2 Samuel 12:3 But the poor man had nothing, save one little ewe lamb, which he … Micah 7:5 Trust you not in a friend, put you not confidence in a guide: keep … get heat Ecclesiastes 4:11 Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone? Jump to Previous Attend Bosom Care CherishCompanion Heat Lie MaidenNurse Seek Servants SoughtStand Virgin Wait WarmWherefore YoungJump to Next Attend Bosom Care CherishCompanion Heat Lie MaidenNurse Seek Servants SoughtStand Virgin Wait WarmWherefore YoungLinks 1 Kings 1:2 NIV1 Kings 1:2 NLT1 Kings 1:2 ESV1 Kings 1:2 NASB1 Kings 1:2 KJV
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Alphabetical: a and attend become beside bosom can care for her him his in keep king Let lie look lord may my nurse of our said seek servants She So take that the them to us virgin warm young your
OT History: 1 Kings 1:2 Therefore his servants said to him Let (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg) Christian Bible Study Resources, Dictionary, Concordance and Search Tools
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